"The Big Bang theory is widely considered to be a successful theory of cosmology, but the theory is incomplete. Astronomers observe
considerable structure in the universe, from stars to galaxies to clusters and superclusters of galaxies. The recently released "Deep Field
Image" taken by the Hubble Space Telescope, shown below, provides a stunning view of such structure. How did these structures form?
Most cosmologists believe that the galaxies that we observe today grew gravitationally out of small fluctuations in the nearly-uniform
density of the early universe. These fluctuations leave an imprint in the cosmic microwave background radiation in the form of temperature
fluctuations from point to point across the sky. The MAP satellite will measure these small fluctuations in the temperature of the cosmic
microwave background radiation and in turn probe the early stages of structure formation.

In its simplest form, the Big Bang theory assumes that matter and radiation are uniformly distributed throughout the universe and that general relativity is universally valid. While this can account for the existence of the cosmic microwave background radiation and explain the origin of the light elements, it does not explain the existence of galaxies and large-scale structure. The solution of the structure problem must be built into the framework of the Big Bang theory. "

~from NASA
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